547 research outputs found
Time Spent in the Military as a Moderator of Endorsement of Traditional Masculinity Ideology Predicting Relationship Satisfaction
Objective: Military culture perpetuates traditional masculine norms (Alfred, Good, & Hammer, 2014). The internalization of traditional masculinity has been linked to reduced relationship satisfaction among heterosexual couples (McGraw, 2001). The present study investigated the role of military service as moderator of the relationship between masculinity ideology and relationship satisfaction. Method: 155 heterosexual male military personnel in romantic relationships recruited from the internet reported length of service, endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology, and relationship satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to evaluate if length of military service moderated the relationship between masculinity and relationship satisfaction. Results: Results were not consistent with previous findings that endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology predicts relationship satisfaction for men (McGraw, 2001). In addition, length of military service did not act as a moderator as hypothesized. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to clarify these results which conflict with recent findings on traditional masculinity and intimate relationships. Possible influential factors and directions for future research are explored
Adaptive sliding-mode observer for second order discrete-time MIMO nonlinear systems based on recurrent neural-networks
Work and Family Variables as Related to Paternal Engagement, Responsibility, and Accessibility in Dual-Earner Couples with Young Children
Fathers and mothers (N = 75 dual-earner couples) of preschool-aged children completed questionnaires that examined work and family variables as related to paternal involvement in three areas: engagement (i.e., directly interacting with the child), responsibility (i.e., scheduling activities and being accountable for the child\u27s well-being), and accessibility (i.e., being available to the child but not in direct interaction). Fathers\u27 reports of responsibility and accessibility were significantly predicted by structural variables and beliefs; however, fathers\u27 reports of engagement were not predicted by work and family variables. Mothers\u27 reports of work and family variables did not predict their reports of father involvement. These findings suggest that for fathers of young children, parental involvement appears mainly self-determined
Sensorimotor Behavioral Tests for Use in a Juvenile Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: Assessment of Sex Differences
Modeling juvenile traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rodents presents several unique challenges compared to adult TBI, one of which is selecting appropriate sensorimotor behavioral tasks that enable the assessment of the extent of injury and recovery over time in developing animals. To address this challenge, we performed a comparison of common sensorimotor tests in Long-Evans rats of various sizes and developmental stages (postnatal days 16–45, 35–190 g). Tests were compared and selected for their developmental appropriateness, scalability for growth, pre-training requirements, and throughput capability. Sex differences in response to TBI were also assessed. Grid walk, automated gait analysis, rotarod, beam walk, spontaneous forelimb elevation test, and measurement of motor activity using the force-plate actometer were evaluated. Grid walk, gait analysis, and rotarod failed to meet one or more of the evaluation criteria. Beam walk, spontaneous forelimb elevation test, and measurement of motor activity using the force-plate actometer satisfied all criteria and were capable of detecting motor abnormalities in rats subjected to controlled cortical impact on postnatal day 17. No sex differences were detected in the acute effects of TBI or functional recovery during the 28 days after injury using these tests. This demonstrates the utility of these tests for the evaluation of sensorimotor function in studies using rat models of pediatric TBI, and suggest that pre-pubertal males and females respond similarly to TBI with respect to sensorimotor outcomes
Sharp Lower Bounds for the Dimension of the Global Attractor of the Sabra Shell Model of Turbulence
In this work we derive a lower bounds for the Hausdorff and fractal
dimensions of the global attractor of the Sabra shell model of turbulence in
different regimes of parameters. We show that for a particular choice of the
forcing and for sufficiently small viscosity term , the Sabra shell model
has a global attractor of large Hausdorff and fractal dimensions proportional
to for all values of the governing parameter
, except for . The obtained lower bounds are sharp,
matching the upper bounds for the dimension of the global attractor obtained in
our previous work. Moreover, we show different scenarios of the transition to
chaos for different parameters regime and for specific forcing. In the
``three-dimensional'' regime of parameters this scenario changes when the
parameter becomes sufficiently close to 0 or to 1. We also show that
in the ``two-dimensional'' regime of parameters for a certain non-zero forcing
term the long-time dynamics of the model becomes trivial for any value of the
viscosity
A Note on the Regularity of Inviscid Shell Model of Turbulence
In this paper we continue the analytical study of the sabra shell model of
energy turbulent cascade initiated in \cite{CLT05}. We prove the global
existence of weak solutions of the inviscid sabra shell model, and show that
these solutions are unique for some short interval of time. In addition, we
prove that the solutions conserve the energy, provided that the components of
the solution satisfy , for
some positive absolute constant , which is the analogue of the Onsager's
conjecture for the Euler's equations. Moreover, we give a Beal-Kato-Majda type
criterion for the blow-up of solutions of the inviscid sabra shell model and
show the global regularity of the solutions in the ``two-dimensional''
parameters regime
Dopamine receptor alterations in female rats with diet-induced decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): interactions with reproductive status
Decreased tissue levels of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are implicated in the etiologies of non-puerperal and postpartum depression. This study examined the effects of a diet-induced loss of brain DHA content and concurrent reproductive status on dopaminergic parameters in adult female Long–Evans rats. An α-linolenic acid-deficient diet and breeding protocols were used to produce virgin and parous female rats with cortical phospholipid DHA levels 20–22% lower than those fed a control diet containing adequate α-linolenic acid. Decreased brain DHA produced a significant main effect of decreased density of ventral striatal D2-like receptors. Virgin females with decreased DHA also exhibited higher density of D1-like receptors in the caudate nucleus than virgin females with normal DHA. These receptor alterations are similar to those found in several rodent models of depression, and are consistent with the proposed hypodopaminergic basis for anhedonia and motivational deficits in depression
‘Reconstructing babel’: Christian missions and knowledge production in the Middle East, nineteenth-twentieth century
FGW – Publications not associated with a particular research are
Reaction rate reconstruction from biomass concentration measurement in bioreactors using modified second-order sliding mode algorithms
This paper deals with the estimation of unknown
signals in bioreactors using sliding observers. Particular
attention is drawn to estimate the specific growth rate of
microorganisms from measurement of biomass concentration.
In a recent article, notions of high-order sliding modes have
been used to derive a growth rate observer for batch processes.
In this paper we generalize and refine these preliminary results.
We develop a new observer with a different error structure to
cope with other types of processes. Furthermore, we show that
these observers are equivalent, under coordinate transformations
and time scaling, to the classical super-twisting differentiator
algorithm, thus inheriting all its distinctive features.
The new observers’ family achieves convergence to timevarying
unknown signals in finite time, and presents the best
attainable estimation error order in the presence of noise. In
addition, the observers are robust to modeling and parameter
uncertainties since they are based on minimal assumptions
on bioprocess dynamics. In addition, they have interesting
applications in fault detection and monitoring. The observers
performance in batch, fed-batch and continuous bioreactors is
assessed by experimental data obtained from the fermentation
of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on glucose.This work was supported by the National University of La Plata (Project 2012-2015), the Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology ANPCyT (PICT2007-00535) and the National Research Council CONICET (PIP112-200801-01052) of Argentina; the Technical University of Valencia (PAID-02-09), the CICYT (DPI2005-01180) and AECID (A/024186/09) of Spain; and by the project FEDER of the European Union.De Battista, H.; Picó Marco, JA.; Garelli, F.; Navarro Herrero, JL. (2012). Reaction rate reconstruction from biomass concentration measurement in bioreactors using modified second-order sliding mode algorithms. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 35(9):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-012-0752-yS111359Aborhey S, Williamson D (1978) State amd parameter estimation of microbial growth process. Automatica 14:493–498Bastin G, Dochain D (1986) On-line estimation of microbial specific growth rates. 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Global and regional brain metabolic scaling and its functional consequences
Background: Information processing in the brain requires large amounts of
metabolic energy, the spatial distribution of which is highly heterogeneous
reflecting complex activity patterns in the mammalian brain.
Results: Here, it is found based on empirical data that, despite this
heterogeneity, the volume-specific cerebral glucose metabolic rate of many
different brain structures scales with brain volume with almost the same
exponent around -0.15. The exception is white matter, the metabolism of which
seems to scale with a standard specific exponent -1/4. The scaling exponents
for the total oxygen and glucose consumptions in the brain in relation to its
volume are identical and equal to , which is significantly larger
than the exponents 3/4 and 2/3 suggested for whole body basal metabolism on
body mass.
Conclusions: These findings show explicitly that in mammals (i)
volume-specific scaling exponents of the cerebral energy expenditure in
different brain parts are approximately constant (except brain stem
structures), and (ii) the total cerebral metabolic exponent against brain
volume is greater than the much-cited Kleiber's 3/4 exponent. The
neurophysiological factors that might account for the regional uniformity of
the exponents and for the excessive scaling of the total brain metabolism are
discussed, along with the relationship between brain metabolic scaling and
computation.Comment: Brain metabolism scales with its mass well above 3/4 exponen
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